== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_split(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($limit) of type int is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/lib3/src/Netcarver/Textile/Parser.php on line 2181.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_split(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($limit) of type int is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/lib3/src/Netcarver/Textile/Parser.php on line 2181.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_match_all(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 164.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_match_all(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 164.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_match_all(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 164.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Warning: Undefined array key "comment" in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 180.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 180.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_split(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($limit) of type int is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/lib3/src/Netcarver/Textile/Parser.php on line 2181.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_match_all(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 164.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_match_all(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 164.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_match_all(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 164.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Warning: Undefined array key "html_nugget" in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 180.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 180.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_split(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($limit) of type int is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/lib3/src/Netcarver/Textile/Parser.php on line 2181.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Warning: Undefined array key "ep_disable_markup_serendipity_event_imageselectorplus:34ba0343cf0d7f01a68354358af1be85" in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_imageselectorplus/serendipity_event_imageselectorplus.php on line 594.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Warning: Undefined array key "ep_disable_markup_serendipity_event_imageselectorplus:34ba0343cf0d7f01a68354358af1be85" in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_imageselectorplus/serendipity_event_imageselectorplus.php on line 594.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_split(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($limit) of type int is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/lib3/src/Netcarver/Textile/Parser.php on line 2181.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_split(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($limit) of type int is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/lib3/src/Netcarver/Textile/Parser.php on line 2181.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_match_all(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 164.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_match_all(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 164.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_match_all(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 164.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Warning: Undefined array key "comment" in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 180.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 180.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_split(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($limit) of type int is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/lib3/src/Netcarver/Textile/Parser.php on line 2181.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_match_all(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 164.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_match_all(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 164.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_match_all(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 164.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Warning: Undefined array key "html_nugget" in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 180.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 180.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_split(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($limit) of type int is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/lib3/src/Netcarver/Textile/Parser.php on line 2181.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Warning: Undefined array key "ep_disable_markup_serendipity_event_imageselectorplus:34ba0343cf0d7f01a68354358af1be85" in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_imageselectorplus/serendipity_event_imageselectorplus.php on line 594.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Warning: Undefined array key "ep_disable_markup_serendipity_event_imageselectorplus:34ba0343cf0d7f01a68354358af1be85" in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_imageselectorplus/serendipity_event_imageselectorplus.php on line 594.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_split(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($limit) of type int is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/lib3/src/Netcarver/Textile/Parser.php on line 2181.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_split(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($limit) of type int is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/lib3/src/Netcarver/Textile/Parser.php on line 2181.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_match_all(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 164.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_match_all(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 164.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_match_all(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 164.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Warning: Undefined array key "comment" in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 180.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 180.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_split(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($limit) of type int is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/lib3/src/Netcarver/Textile/Parser.php on line 2181.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_match_all(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 164.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_match_all(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 164.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_match_all(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 164.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Warning: Undefined array key "html_nugget" in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 180.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

Bernds Rappelkiste | Artikel mit Tag backup Skip to content

[Synology] automatische Datensicherung mit DSM6

Hinweis: Diese Anleitung wurde für DSM 6 geschrieben. Mit DSM 7 funktioniert das Programm “autorun” nicht mehr (Stand 14.8.2021). Im Synology-Forum hat ein User ein inoffizielles Update dafür programmiert. Ob dieses Update funktioniert und wie sicher es für eure Daten ist, kann ich nicht beurteilen, da ich es selbst nicht getestet habe.

Update am 7.1.18: Kapitel zur automatischen Integritätsprüfung ergänzt (Danke an Patrick!)

Update am 11.9.16: Hinweis zu --type aus diesem Kommentar im Backup-Script ergänzt.

Update am 6.8.16: Hinweis zum Verzeichniswechsel aus diesem Kommentar aufgenommen

Ziel der Anleitung ist es, dass DSM die gesamte Synology automatisch auf eine externe USB-Festplatte sichert, sobald diese an der NAS angeschlossen wird.

Nachdem ich schon vor einiger Zeit eine Anleitung für ein automatisches Backup auf USB-Festplatte gemacht hatte, diese aber dann leider mit DSM Version 6 nicht mehr (richtig) funktionierte, habe ich mich nun mal daran gesetzt und eine hoffentlich verständliche Anleitung erstellt, mit der auch Normal-Nutzer ohne Turbo-Terminal-Kenntnisse zu einer zufrieden stellenden Lösung kommen.

Wer keine Synology-NAS hat, braucht gar nicht weiter zu lesen. wink

"[Synology] automatische Datensicherung mit DSM6" vollständig lesen

[Synology] Datensicherung mit autorun und DSM 6

Achtung: Die nachfolgende Anleitung war eine temporäre Notlösung. Für Version 6 gibt es eine vollständig neue Anleitung hier im Weblog.

Vor ein paar Tagen hat Synology sein neues Betriebssystem DSM 6 veröffentlicht…und seitdem ging meine schöne Anleitung für das automatische Backup auf USB-Festplatte nicht mehr. Ein findiger Nutzer bei synology-forum.de hat nun aber das Problem mal untersucht und eine relativ einfache Lösung gefunden, wie zumindest teilweise wieder nutzbar wird.

Teilweise bedeutet in dem Fall: Das Backup wird gemacht, die grafische Oberfläche von autorun lässt sich aber nicht anzeigen und damit auch nicht so einfach konfigurieren.

Ich beschreibe das mal nachfolgend möglichst ausführlich, damit man es auch nachvollziehen kann.

Ich weise an der Stelle vorsorglich nochmal darauf hin, dass ich keine Verantwortung für eventuelle Schäden/Datenverlust übernehme! Wer sich nicht sicher ist, was er tut bzw. tun soll, lässt besser die Finger davon und wartet auf ein offizielles Update von autorun!

"[Synology] Datensicherung mit autorun und DSM 6" vollständig lesen

[Synology] automatisches Backup auf USB-Festplatte

Achtung: Die nachfolgende Anleitung bezieht sich nur auf DSM in Version 5. Für Version 6 gibt es eine neue Anleitung hier im Weblog.

Update 23.6.2015: Link zu Anleitung für DSM 6 ergänzt
Update 19.4.2015: Ergänzung bzgl. Vertrauenseinstellungen im Paket-Zentrum
Update 13.1.2015: Änderung von Name zu Nummer beim Anlegen der autorun-Datei korrigiert (hat sich wohl zwischendurch in einem Update des Scripts geändert)
Update 6.11.2014: cphub hat inzwischen wohl nur noch https, Links entsprechend korrigiert

Nach einer kleinen Recherche bin ich heute endlich auf eine Lösung gestoßen, wie sich meine NAS automatisch auf ein USB-Laufwerk sichern lässt, ohne dass ich manuell eingreifen müsste, wenn die Festplatte die Festplatte an die NAS angeschlossen wird. Ich bin halt faul. wink

Nun aber los…

"[Synology] automatisches Backup auf USB-Festplatte" vollständig lesen
== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/serendipity_event_textile.php on line 180.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Notice: preg_split(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($limit) of type int is deprecated in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_textile/lib3/src/Netcarver/Textile/Parser.php on line 2181.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Warning: Undefined array key "ep_disable_markup_serendipity_event_imageselectorplus:34ba0343cf0d7f01a68354358af1be85" in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_imageselectorplus/serendipity_event_imageselectorplus.php on line 594.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Warning: Undefined array key "ep_disable_markup_serendipity_event_imageselectorplus:34ba0343cf0d7f01a68354358af1be85" in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_imageselectorplus/serendipity_event_imageselectorplus.php on line 594.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/include/compat.inc.php:207) in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_freetag/serendipity_event_freetag.php on line 812.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Warning: Undefined variable $headcss in /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/plugins/serendipity_event_lightbox/serendipity_event_lightbox.php on line 226.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.

== ERROR-REPORT (BETA/ALPHA-BUILDS) ==

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /var/www/virtual/bauigel/bernd.distler.ws/include/compat.inc.php:207) in Unknown on line 0.
For more details set $serendipity['production'] = 'debug' in serendipity_config_local.inc.php to receive a stack-trace.